Vernonia balwinii
Family
Asteraceae
Common Name(s)
Ironweed
Flowering Time
July
Fruit/Seed Maturation Sign
Pappus expands; achenes turn tan
Fruit/Seed Collection Dates
August to September
Notes
Germination good to excellent, survival low with competing vegetation (Mabry and Mottl, personal observation).
Seed output moderate; low to know vegetative spread (Barkely 1986, Gleason and Cronquist 1991).
Restricted to open woods and other open habitats (Eilers and Roosa 1994).
Seed Cleaning
None required
Storage
Dry
Restoration Potential
Low