Mature transplants added to a woodland degraded by cattle grazing in Wisconin were "healthy" in the six years that the plants were monitored, and with low mortality; the authors did not report whether they reproduced (Ellarson and Craven 1982) .

Ant dispersed seeds. Of 390 seeds planted in a central Iowa demographic study, 97 (25%) germinated and 27 plants survivied to year 5; 5 flowered after an average of 13 years (Mabry 2023), suggesting that this species is best introduced with transplants.R

Rhizome short, thickened (Fernald 1963, Barkley 1986), can be prolific leading to formation of dense colonies (Mabry personal observation).