Family:
Asteraceae
Common Name(s):
Ironweed
Flowering Time:
July
Fruit/Seed Maturation Sign:
Pappus expands; achenes turn tan
Fruit/Seed Collection Dates:
August to September
Seed Cleaning:
None required
Storage:
Dry
Restoration Potential:
Low
Notes
Germination good to excellent, survival low with competing vegetation (Mabry and Mottl, personal observation).
Seed output moderate; low to know vegetative spread (Barkely 1986, Gleason and Cronquist 1991).
Restricted to open woods and other open habitats (Eilers and Roosa 1994).
