Transplants in a field study had 55% survival after 7 years (Mottl et al. 2006). Zig zag goldenrod also self-sows and spreads extensively by rhizomes (Mottl et al. 2006). Transplantas in another field had 78% survival after two years, and continued high survival in year 3. In addition, by year two new plants were also establishing through vegetative spread (Altricher et al. 2020).
Experimental seed addition in a small field study resulted in establishment of zig zag goldenrod seedlings in 42-54% of plots after three years (Brudvig et al. 2011) However, of 300 seeds planted in a central Iowa demographic study, 45 germinated (15%) and 3 plants survived to year 5; 3 flowered after an average of 4 years (Mabry 2023). These studies suggest that introduction using transplants has a high potential for success, while introduction by seed requires further study.
Seed output 100-1000/plant (Barkley 1986, Gleason and Cronquist 1991).
"Slender rhizome freely stoloniferous" (Fernald 1950; high vegetative spread (Barkley 1986, Gleason and Cronquist 1991).
