Experimental seed addition in a small field study resulted in establishment in 33-46% of plots after three years (Brudvig et al. 2011) (seeds were sown fresh).
Transplants in an Iowa field study had 88% survival after 7 years (Mottl et al. 2006), and 70% after 7 years in a Michigan study (DeJong et al. 2017), suggesting that transplanting could be a successful method of re-introduction. Self-sows and can spread by seed once established (Mottle et al. 2006).
Seed output moderate; low vegetative spread (Barkely 1986, Gleason and Cronquist 1991); root a corm with fibrous roots (Runkel and Bull 2009); smaller corms form on the larger central corm (Sperka 1973).
Green dragon (Arisaema dracontium) has very similar morphology and features (Sperka 1973).
