Mature transplants added to a woodland degraded by cattle grazing in Wisconin were "healthy" in the six years that the plants were monitored, and with low mortality; the authors did not report whether they reproduced (Ellarson and Craven 1982) .

Transplants in a field study had 50% survival after 7 years; phlox self-sows (Mottl et al. 2006) and has extensive vegetative spread (Barkely 1986, Gleason and Cronquist 1991), suggesting that the best means of re-introduction is with transplants.