Seed output moderate; vegetative spread low (Barkely 1986, Gleason and Cronquist 1991); rootstocks short (Mackenzie 1940); rhizome barely distinguishable (Mohlenbrock 1999).

Germinating some sedge species can be complex, and may it involve removing the perigynium (bladder like sac that adhers to the hard pericarp of the achene), after-ripening (dry storage), followed by cold stratification, and exposure to light (McGinnis and Meyer 2011).